Subcostal 4 chamber view showing hypertrophic LV with preserved LV function
Notice:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are often decreased
Hypertrophic LV with preserved LV function – S4CH view
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Hypertrophic LV – AP4CH view
Apical 4 chamber view showing a hypertrophic left ventricle
Notice:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are often decreased
– Left atrium is often enlarged
– LV function is variable
Image C shows severe reduced LV dysfunction
The arrows in image D point to concomitant pericardial effusion
Hypertrophic LV diastolic dysfunction – typical clinical conditions
Consider hypertrophic LV diastolic dysfunction when the following is present:
– Aortic valve stenosis
– Arterial hypertension
– LV-outflow tract obstruction
– Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
– Myocardial deposit disease
Hypertrophic LV – PLAX view
Long axis view showing a hypertrophic left ventricle
Notice:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are often decreased
– Left atrium is often enlarged
– LV function is variable
Image C shows severe reduced LV dysfunction
Dilated, poorly functioning LV – PLAX view
Images and video clips of the parasternal long axis view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
Hypertrophic LV diastolic dysfunction
Hypertrophic left ventricle
2D echocardiographic characteristics:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are decreased
– LA is often enlarged
– MAPSE is often slightly reduced
Dilated, poorly functioning LV – PSAX view
Images and video clips of the parasternal short axis view
Notice:
– Reduced myocardial thickening
– Reduced endocardial movement
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
Dilated, poorly functioning LV – A4CH view
Images and video clips from the apical 4 chamber view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
– MAPSE is reduced
Dilated, poorly functioning LV – S4CH view
Images and video clips from the subcostal 4 chamber view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
Dilated, poorly functioning LV
The 2D echocardiographic characteristics
Notice if:
– LV dimensions are increased
– Myocardial wall is thin
– Myocardial movement is reduced
– Mitral septal separation is increased
– Left atrium is often enlarged
– Mitral valve is incompetent
– Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is reduced