Video clips of the parasternal long axis view
Notice:
– Enlarged RV (arrows)
– RV size >2/3 of LV size except in D where there is a concomitant dilated and dysfunctioning LV
Right ventricle enlargement and myocardial dysfunction is seen in right side myocardial infarction and pressure increase (pulmonary embolism and chronic pulmonary hypertension)
Often a tricuspidal regurgitation is seen on colour Doppler and continuous wave Doppler will disclose a RV pressure increase (advanced FATE level)
Video clips of the subcostal 4 chamber view
Notice:
– Enlarged RV (arrows)
– RV size >2/3 of LV size
– Paradoxial movement of the interventricular septum
Right ventricle enlargement and myocardial dysfunction is seen in right side myocardial infarction and pressure increase (pulmonary embolus and chronic pulmonary hypertension)
Often a tricuspidal regurgitation is seen on color Doppler (advanced FATE level)
This view is not suitable for pressure measurement with continuous wave Doppler across the tricuspidal valve due to the angle of insonation (advanced FATE level)
Findings in patient with endocarditis affecting the mitral valves
The video clips are from 4 different patients
A, B, C are all apical views for optimal display of the pedunculated mass
D is the corresponding TEE mid-esophageal long axis view with pedunculated mass on the anterior mitral leaflet
Findings in patient with endocarditis affecting the aortic valves
All 4 video clips are from the same patient
A, B, C are all apical views for optimal display of the pedunculated mass
D is the corresponding TEE mid-esophageal 4 chamber view
Pedunculated masses – 2D echocardiography
The characteristics:
– Abnormal pedunculated masses
– The vegetations often originate from valve leaflets but may originate from any
cardiac or vascular structure
– Myxomas often originate from the left atrium
– Thrombus mainly originate from low flow areas, atrial appendages, areas with
reduced myocardial movement, or aneurysms
– Exerts their
Video clips showing examples of pericardial effusion obtained in the apical 4-chamber view
Notice:
– Apical views
– Pericardial fluid collection (white arrows)
– Compression of right atrium is obvious in image B and is a classical echocardiographic sign of tamponade, but not a prerequisite for a clinical tamponade syndrome
Video clips showing examples of pericardial effusion obtained in the subcostal 4-chamber view
Notice:
– S4CH views
– Pericardial fluid collection (white arrows)
Compression of the right sided cavities in diastole is not obvious in these video clips
Dilated, poorly functioning RV 2D echocardiography
The characteristics:
– RV dimension is increased
– Paradoxical interventricular movement
– LV is compressed by RV
–
Video clips of the apical 4 chamber axis view
Notice:
– Enlarged RV (arrows)
– RV size >2/3 of LV size
– Paradoxial movement of the interventricular septum
Right ventricle enlargement and myocardial dysfunction is seen in right side myocardial infarction and pressure increase (pulmonary embolus and chronic pulmonary hypertension)
Often a tricuspidal regurgitation is seen on colour Doppler and continuous wave Doppler will disclose a RV pressure increase (advanced FATE level)
Video clips of the parasternal short axis view
Notice:
– Enlarged RV
– D-shaped left ventricle
– Paradoxial movement of the interventricular septum
– Arrows pointing to dilated right ventricle
Right ventricle enlargement and myocardial dysfunction are seen in right side myocardial infarction and pressure increase (pulmonary embolus and chronic pulmonary hypertension)
In acute enlargement the high pressure in the right ventricle will compress the left ventricle resulting in typical paradoxial interventricular septal movement and D-shape of the left ventricle
