Long axis view showing a hypertrophic left ventricle
Notice:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are often decreased
– Left atrium is often enlarged
– LV function is variable
Image C shows severe reduced LV dysfunction
Images and video clips from the subcostal 4 chamber view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
Images and video clips of the parasternal long axis view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
Images and video clips from the apical 4 chamber view
Notice:
– LV is enlarged
– LA is enlarged
– Anterior mitral leaflet opening is compromised; MSS increased
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
– Reduced contractility
– MAPSE is reduced
Hypertrophic left ventricle
2D echocardiographic characteristics:
– Myocardial wall thickness is increased
– LV dimensions are decreased
– LA is often enlarged
– MAPSE is often slightly reduced
Images and video clips of the parasternal short axis view
Notice:
– Reduced myocardial thickening
– Reduced endocardial movement
– Myocardial wall may appear thin
The 2D echocardiographic characteristics
Notice if:
– LV dimensions are increased
– Myocardial wall is thin
– Myocardial movement is reduced
– Mitral septal separation is increased
– Left atrium is often enlarged
– Mitral valve is incompetent
– Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) is reduced
The FATE card page 3 provides the normal cardiac and pleural target images, as well as images of the most important cardiac pathologies and their presentation in the different FATE views
You can get the FATE card in the AppStore or Google Play
The following topics will focus on how to obtain and interpret the 2D ultrasound images for:
Evaluation of the systolic cardiac function with ultrasound is performed by assessing:
– Endocardial (and/or myocardial) movement, during systole
– Myocardial thickening during systole
The video shows a PSAX view of a heart with normal LV function
Notice the symmetrical endocardial movement towards the center of the LV and equivalent global and systolic myocardial thickening
