FM-quiz TEEcomp

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TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Left atrium

Shows Mitral valve

Shows Tricuspid valve

Shows Left ventricle

Shows Ventricular septum

Shows Right ventricle

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 3 of 35

3. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Aortic valve

Shows Left atrium

Shows Right ventricle outflow tract
(anterior part)

Shows Ventricular septum
(RVOT)

Shows Left ventricle

Shows Mitral valve

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 4 of 35

4. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Left ventricular inferior wall

Shows Left ventricular anterior wall

Shows Mitral valve

Shows Left ventricular cavity

Shows Left ventricular apex

Shows Left atrium

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 5 of 35

5. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Anterior mitral leaflet

Shows RVOT

Shows Proximal ascending aorta

Shows LVOT

Shows Aortic valve

Shows Left atrium

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 6 of 35

6. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Left atrium

Shows The right coronary cusp of the aortic valve

Shows The non-coronary cusp of

Shows Right ventricle

the aortic valve

Shows Right atrium

Shows The left coronary cusp of the aortic valve

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 7 of 35

7. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Anterolateral papillary muscle

Shows Left ventricular inferolateral wall

Shows Posteromedial papillary muscle

Shows Ventricular septum

Shows Left ventricular anterior wall

Shows Left ventricular cavity

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 8 of 35

8. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Proximal part of the aortic arch

Shows Aortic arch long axis view

Shows Distal part of the aortic arch

Shows Pulmonic valve

Shows Aortic arch

Shows Pulmonary artery

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 9 of 35

9. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Noncoronary cusp

Shows Left coronary cusp

Shows Right atrium

Shows Right ventricle

Shows Right coronary cusp

Shows Left atrium

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 10 of 35

10. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Right sinus of Valsalva

Shows Sinotubular junction

Shows Right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT)

Shows Anterior mitral leaflet

Shows Left ventricle outflow tract (LVOT)

Shows Right coronary cusp

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 11 of 35

11. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Posteromedial commissure

Shows A1 segment

Shows A2 segment

Shows P2 segment

Shows A3 segment

Shows Anterolateral commissure

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 12 of 35

12. Question

Test: Match letters and structures by choosing the right letter for each description. Click ‘Submit’ when you are finished.

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Posterior tricuspid leaflet

papillary muscle

Shows Anterior tricuspid

Shows Chordae tendinea

Shows Right atrial appendage

Shows Right ventricle cavity

Shows Right atrium

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 13 of 35

13. Question

TEST

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Anterior pulmonic cusp

Shows Posterior tricuspid leaflet

Shows Left coronary cusp

Shows RVOT

Shows Right coronary cusp

Shows Right pulmonic cusp

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 14 of 35

14. Question

The near field

What is true about the near field? Select all that apply.

It can be extended by increasing the wavelength.
It can be extended by increasing the transducer diameter.
It is also called the Fraunhofer zone.
It can be extended by increasing the transducer frequency.
It is not determined by frequency, transducer diameter or wavelength.
It cannot be increased.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 15 of 35

15. Question

Temporal resolution

What is true about temporal resolution? Select all that apply.

The ability to accurately locate the position of moving structures at particular instances in time.
It is better when the frame rate is increased.
It is better when the number of scan lines per frame is reduced.
It is very high when M-mode is used.
It is better when the depth is increased.
It is poorer when the sector width is reduced.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 16 of 35

16. Question

Doppler spectral display

Which graphic information about the blood flow does the Doppler spectral shift provide? Select all that apply.

The density of blood flow.
The volume of blood flow.
The velocity of blood flow.
The duration of blood flow.
The temperature of blood flow.
The number of white blood cells.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 17 of 35

17. Question

Assessment of the aorta

What does this TEE view reveal?

ME ascending aortic SAX
ME decending aortic SAX
UE aortic arch SAX
ME ascending aortic LAX
UE aortic arch LAX
TG descending aortic SAX

Correct

Incorrect

Question 18 of 35

18. Question

LVOT diameter

During performative TEE, a 60-year old man has an LVOT diameter of 2 cm and a velocity time integral of 16 cm. The patient’s heart rate is 70 beats/min and the blood pressure 130/73 mm Hg. What is the approx. cardiac output (CO) in this patient?

6 l/min
3.5 l/min
4.5 l/min
4 l/min
2 l/min
The CO cannot be calculated

Correct

Incorrect

Question 19 of 35

19. Question

Continuity Equation

What can you calculate by means of the Continuity Equation?

Systolic blood pressure
Peak pressure gradient
Mean pressure gradient
Valve area
Cardiac output
Central venous pressure

Correct

Incorrect

Question 20 of 35

20. Question

Assessment of LV systolic performance

Which of the following methods used to assess LV systolic performance is preload dependent? Select all that apply.

Shortening fraction
Ejection fraction
Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Fractional area change

Correct

Incorrect

Question 21 of 35

21. Question

Stroke volume

The intraoperative TEE measurements have demonstrated an LVOT diameter of 2 cm (area 3.14 cm2) and an LVOT VTI of 15 cm. What is the SV?

About 40 cm3 or ml
About 77 cm3 or ml
About 47 cm3 or ml
About 65 cm3 or ml
About 30 cm3 or ml
SV cannot be determined

Correct

Incorrect

Question 22 of 35

22. Question

Afterload dependence

Which of the following parameters are afterload dependent? Select all that apply.

Ejection fraction
Cardiac output
Shortening fraction
Stroke volume
Fractional area change

Correct

Incorrect

Question 23 of 35

23. Question

Aortic valve pathology

What do the measurements in this transvalvular aortic flow recorded during intraoperative TEE indicate?

Normal aortic valve
Moderately stenotic aortic valve
Moderately regurgitant aortic valve
Severely regurgitant aortic valve
Severely stenotic and severely regurgitant aortic valve
Moderately stenotic and moderately regurgitant aortic valve

Correct

Incorrect

Question 24 of 35

24. Question

Aortic regurgitation

What is severe aortic regurgitation indicated by? Select all that apply.

A vena contracta of more than 7 mm
A vena contracta of more than 0.3 mm
PHT of more than 450 ms
PHT of less than 250 ms
Holodiastolic flow reversal in descending aorta
Impaired opening of the anterior leaflet of the MV because of regurgitant aortic jet

Correct

Incorrect

Question 25 of 35

25. Question

Determining the aortic valve area

What is true about determination of the aortic valve area? Select all that apply.

The Continuity Equation is not affected by the presence of aortic regurgitation.
The Continuity Equation will allow an accurate determination of valve area even when the SV is reduced.
The Continuity Equation cannot be used even in the presence of arrythmias.
A disadvantage of the Continuity Equation is the difficulty of measuring the LVOT diameter accurately.
The Continuity Equation cannot be used in the presence of mitral regurgitation.
The anatomical aortic valve area does not depend on flow conditions.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 26 of 35

26. Question

Aortic stenosis

What is true about aortic stenosis? Select all that apply.

Many patients with AS also have AR.
In patients with AS, an AR increases the transaortic blood flow during systole.
In patients with AS, coexisting MS causes a low transaortic valve gradient because of fixed CO.
In patients with AS and coexisting mitral regurgitation, the transaortic pressure gradient is increased.
The pressure gradient is a reliable indicator of AS severity only in the presence of god LV systolic function.
The most common etiology in aortic stenosis is calcific degeneration.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 27 of 35

27. Question

The pathology of the mitral valve

The mitral valve in this TEE frame is:

Severely stenotic
Moderately stenotic
Mildly stenotic
Severely regurgitant
Moderately stenotic and moderately regurgitant
Mildly regurgitant

Correct

Incorrect

Question 28 of 35

28. Question

Mitral valve area

This intraoperative CWD flow profile of the MV reveals a PHT of 162 ms. What is the MV area?

1.8 cm2
2.2 cm2
3.3 cm2
1.4 cm2
1.6 cm2
3.8 cm2

Correct

Incorrect

Question 29 of 35

29. Question

The features of MV regurgitation and MV stenosis

Which of the following assertions are true? Select all that apply.

Due to the Coanda effect a eccentric regurgitant jet may appear smaller.
A VC of more than 0.7 mm denotes severe MR.
A regurgitant jet entering the left atrial appendage and the pulmonary vein denotes severe MR
The mobilty of the MV leaflets is increased in mitral stenosis
The mobilty of the MV leaflets is decreased in mitral stenosis
A total papillary muscle rupture does not need surgical treatment.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 30 of 35

30. Question

Vena contracta

What is vena contracta (VC) defined as?

The radius of the mitral effective regurgitant orifice
The maximal length of the mitral regurgitant jet
Less than 7.0 mm in severe mitral valve regurgitation
The narrowest portion of the mitral regurgitant jet, downstream from the orifice
The circumference of the mitral effective regurgitant orifice
The radius of the proximal isovelocity surface area

Correct

Incorrect

Question 31 of 35

31. Question

Stanford and DeBakey classification

Which of the following statements regarding thoracic aortic dissection are true? Select all that apply.

DeBakey type I and II aortic dissections correspond to Stanford type A.
DeBakey type III aortic dissections correspond to Stanford type A.
DeBakey type III aortic dissections correspond to Stanford type B.
A Stanford type A dissection means that the intimal tear is located in the ascending aorta.
A Stanford type B dissection means that the intimal tear is located in the decending aorta.
In DeBakey type II dissections, the ascending aorta is always involved.

Correct

Incorrect

Question 32 of 35

32. Question

Patient case

This TEE loop was recorded in a patient admitted with severe chest pain and severely impaired LV function. What is the diagnosis?

Aortic dissection
Severe aortic stenosis
Bicuspid aortic valve
A tumor on the aortic valve
A thrombus attached to the aortic valve
Aortic valve endocarditis

Correct

Incorrect

Question 33 of 35

33. Question

Young man with severe dyspnoea

A 22-year old man is admitted due to severe dyspnoea and atrial fibrillation. What does this TEE frame show?

A pulmonary embolism
A left ventricular failure
A right ventricular failure
An AVSD / AV canal and signs of severe pulmonary hypertension (Eisenmenger syndrome)
A large primum ASD and a VSD but without signs of severe pulmonary hypertension
A Fallot tetralogy

Correct

Incorrect

Question 34 of 35

34. Question

A patient with a fever

This ME AV LAX loop was recorded in a young man admitted with a fever and shortness of breath. He had a new systolic murmur. What may he have?

An aortic dissection
A myocardial infarction
An aortic stenosis
Pericardial tamponade
A perimembranous VSD and endocarditis

Correct

Incorrect

Question 35 of 35

35. Question

Low blood pressure intraoperative

This intraoperative TEE loop was recorded while the patient had a mean arterial blood pressure of 30 mm Hg. What does it reveal?

A ventricular tachycardia due to general anesthesia.
A ventricular fibrillation due to the opening of the chest.
A ventricular fibrillation due to severe hypotension and myocardial ischemia.
Circulatory collapse because of dissection of the aortic root.
Rapid ventricular pacing during the employment of the aortic valve in a TAVI procedure.
Rapid ventricular pacing during a transcatheter repair of the mitral valve.

Correct

Incorrect

FM-quiz TEEcomp

Quiz Summary

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1. Question

Question 19

2. Question

TEST

3. Question

TEST

4. Question

TEST

5. Question

TEST

6. Question

TEST

7. Question

Test

8. Question

TEST

9. Question

Test

10. Question

Test

11. Question

TEST

12. Question

Test: Match letters and structures by choosing the right letter for each description. Click ‘Submit’ when you are finished.

13. Question

TEST

14. Question

The near field

15. Question

Temporal resolution

16. Question

Doppler spectral display

17. Question

Assessment of the aorta

18. Question

LVOT diameter

19. Question

Continuity Equation

20. Question

Assessment of LV systolic performance

21. Question

Stroke volume

22. Question

Afterload dependence

23. Question

Aortic valve pathology

24. Question

Aortic regurgitation

25. Question

Determining the aortic valve area

26. Question

Aortic stenosis

27. Question

The pathology of the mitral valve

28. Question

Mitral valve area

29. Question

The features of MV regurgitation and MV stenosis

30. Question

Vena contracta

31. Question

Stanford and DeBakey classification

32. Question

Patient case

33. Question

Young man with severe dyspnoea

34. Question

A patient with a fever

35. Question

Low blood pressure intraoperative