FM-quiz TEEbas

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Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows LVOT ) Left ventricle outflow tract)

Shows Left atrium

Shows RVOT (Right ventricle outflow tract)

Shows Anterior mitral leaflet

Shows Aortic valve

Shows Proximal ascending aorta

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 4 of 48

4. Question

Structures in the ME AV SAX view

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click “Next”.

shows the left atrium

shows the left coronary cusp of the aortic valve

shows the right atrium

shows the right coronary cusp of the aortic valve

shows the non-coronary cusp of the aortic valve

shows the right ventricle

Correct

Incorrect

Question 5 of 48

5. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Posteromedial papillary muscle

Shows Left ventricle inferolateral wall

Shows Ventricular septum

Shows Left ventricle anterior wall

Shows Left ventricle cavity

Shows Anterolateral papillary muscle

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 6 of 48

6. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Left atrium

Shows Noncoronary cusp

Shows Right atrium

Shows Left coronary cusp

Shows Right ventricle

Shows Right coronary cusp

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 7 of 48

7. Question

Test

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the

Shows Right coronary cusp

Shows Sinotubular junction

(LVOT)

(RVOT)

Shows Right sinus of Valsalva

Shows Left ventricle outflow tract

Shows Right ventricle outflow tract

Shows Anterior mitral leaflet

Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points

Question 8 of 48

8. Question

Nomenclature of the MV

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click “Next”.

shows the A3 segment

shows the A1 segment

shows the anterolateral commissure

shows the posteromedial commissure

shows the P2 segment

shows the A2 segment

Correct

Incorrect

Question 9 of 48

9. Question

The ME RV inflow-outflow view

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click “Next”.

shows the left coronary cusp

shows the posterior tricuspid leaflet

shows the right pulmonic cusp

shows RVOT

shows the right coronary cusp

shows anterior pulmonic cusp

Correct

Incorrect

Question 10 of 48

10. Question

Match the phrases on the left side with the phrases on the right side to form true statements. Click “Submit” when finishedhttps://test.usabcd.org/wp-content/uploads/FM_media/TEEbas/TEEbas_Q_M2_P12?

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the points to be distinguished as separate
three components: axial, lateral and
elevational
the pulse length (wavelength)
the most precise
the number of pulses per unit of time
(second)

Spatial resolution is the smallest distance between 2 points that allows
Spatial resolution has
Axial resolution depends on
Axial resolution is
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) is

Correct

Incorrect

Question 11 of 48

11. Question

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emit and receive signals
phased array crystals
superior temporal resolution
a single crystal emits and receives
signals
the quality of the tissue, the size and depth of the assessed object

In 2D Mode, several crystals
Modern echocardiography systems use
M-mode has
In M-Mode
The reflected sounds energy
is proportional to

Correct

Incorrect

Question 12 of 48

12. Question

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is the number of cycles per second
are inversely related
is better when the frame rate is increased
superior to lateral resolution
at the focal point

Frequency
Frequency and wavelength
Temporal resolution
Axial resolution is
The spatial resolution is best

Correct

Incorrect

Question 13 of 48

13. Question

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pushing or pulling the whole probe
rotating the small control wheel
rotation of the whole TEE probe
to the right or left of the patient
by sequential activation of the piezoelectric crystals
by turning the large control wheel clockwise, respectively counterclockwise

Advance or withdraw of the TEE probe means

Flexing to the left and to the right of the tip of the TEE probe is done by

Turning to the right or to left means
Phased array means, that the US beam
is electronically focused,
Anteflexing and retroflexing of the tip of
TEE probe is done

Correct

Incorrect

Question 14 of 48

14. Question

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the anterior wall of LV is visualized at
the bottom of the screen
are life-threatening complications to
TEE
advance/withdraw, turning, flexion
and rotation of the scan plane
absolute contraindications to
perform a TEE
”the opening shot” in the operating
room

In the TG 2 CH view
Esophagus perforation, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, arrythmias,
The following movements are possible
with the multiplane TEE probe:
Esophageal trauma, tumor, stenosis,
perforation or diverticulum are
The ME 4 CH view is usually

Correct

Incorrect

Question 15 of 48

15. Question

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are made at end systole, when the dimensions are maximal
are made from ”leading edge to leading edge”
where LVIWd > 0.9 cm
means the dilation of the LA
the axial resolution is better than
lateral resolution

All measurements of the RA and LA
dimensions
M-Mode measurements of LV dimensions
LV is hypertrophic
An LA area > 20 cm2
For 2D measurements

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Incorrect

Question 16 of 48

16. Question

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the stroke volume through the aortic,
mitral, pulmonic and tricuspid valve is the same
denotes severely impaired LV
systolic function.
is normal
when the LV has normal shape and
a uniform contraction in all segments
eyeballing

In a normal heart, without valvular pathology,
An EF of less than 30 %
A FAC of more than 45 %
SF can only be used,

The most used method for intraoperative
assessment of global LV systolic function is

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Question 17 of 48

17. Question

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< 5 mm
< 60% of the LV end-diastolic area
ME bicaval
moves towards the LV at end-diastole
the RV throughout the entire cardiac cycle

Normal right ventricle wall thickness at
end-diastole is
RV end-diastolic area
The best view in evaluation of atrial septum is
In RV volume overload, the ventricular septum
The ventricular septum has a normal convex curvature toward

Correct

Incorrect

Question 18 of 48

18. Question

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is calcific degeneration
pressure overload of the left ventricle
indicates severe aortic stenosis
a degree of regurgitation may occur
produces hypertrophy of the left ventricle

The most common etiology in aortic
stenosis
In aortic stenosis there is
An aortic valve area less than 0.8 cm2
In aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis may

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Incorrect

Question 19 of 48

19. Question

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both pressure and volume overload of the LV
is calcification and/or degeneration of the
aortic valve
Vena Contracta
haemodynamic conditions
severe aortic regurgitation

In aortic valve regurgitation, there are
The most common cause of aortic valve
regurgitation

A reliable parameter in assessment
of the severity of aortic regurgitation is

Vena Contracta is less dependent on the
A Vena Contracta diameter > 0.7 cm indicates

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Incorrect

Question 20 of 48

20. Question

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appear smaller
IIIb
more than 7 mm denotes severe
mitral regurgitation
the regurgitant jet tends to be central
decreases by one degree, during
general anesthesia

Due to the Coanda effect, an eccentric
regurgitant jet will

The mitral regurgitation in ischemic heart
disease, is of Carpentier type:

A Vena contracta of
In Carpentier type I mitral regurgitation
The severity of mitral regurgitation

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Question 21 of 48

21. Question

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1 cm2 denotes severe mitral stenosis
does not depend on flow conditions
in chronic atrial fibrillation
increases the risk of thromboembolic
events
50 mm Hg, is an indicator of severe mitral stenosis

A mitral valve area of less than
The anathomical MVA in MS
Dilation of the left atrium can also occur
In severe MS, the presence of spontaneous echo contrast in LA
A pulmonary artery systolic pressure of more than

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Question 22 of 48

22. Question

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more apically related to the mitral valve
three leaflets and three papillary muscles
with CFD scala and Nyquist limit at
50-60 cm/s
indicates severe tricuspid regurgitation
stenosis and regurgitation of the TV

The tricuspid valve is placed
The tricuspid valve has
The measurements of VC should be made
A Vena Contracta of more than 7 mm,
The right atrium is dilated in both

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Question 23 of 48

23. Question

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with the aortic valve
related to the aortic valve
the aortic root
placed valve in the heart
right ventricle

The pulmonic valve has a common
embryological origin and morphology
In the TEE views, the PV is always
oriented to an orthogonal plane

In ME RV inflow-outflow view, the
right pulmonic cusp is placed adjacent to

The pulmonic valve is the most anterior
In PV stenosis, there is pressure
overload of the

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Question 24 of 48

24. Question

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the diameter of the aorta is more than
5.5 cm
the ascending aorta is always involved
the diameter of ascending aorta is more
than 4.5 cm
the descending aorta is involved
has an increased risk of embolisation

For thoracic aortic aneurysms, the surgery is indicated when
In Stanford type A dissections
In Marfan syndrome, the surgery is recommended when
In Stanford type B dissections, just
A protruding, mobile plaque, with dimensions more than 5 mm

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Question 25 of 48

25. Question

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early diastolic collapse of the RV
is considered large (severe)
pericardial tamponade
in one or several of the cardiac
chambers
due movement of the heart inside the
pericardial space

In pericardial tamponade, there is an
early systolic collapse of the RA and

A pericardial effusion larger than
1.5 cm
The paradoxical movement of ventricular septum is also present in

The pericardial tamponade appears when the pericardial pressure exceeds the pressure

Electric alternans means, that the amplitude of ECG changes

Correct

Incorrect

Question 26 of 48

26. Question

Which of the following statements about ultrasound physics are correct? Select all that apply.

Wavelength and frequency are inversely related
Wavelength is the time from the onset of one cycle to the next
Frequency is the number of cycles per second
Wavelength is the distance from the onset of one cycle to the next
Amplitude is the strength of the wave

Correct

Incorrect

Question 27 of 48

27. Question

Test

. The average propagation velocity of US in soft tissue is:

330 m/s
4080 m/s
1540 m/s
Not determined by the medium
Dependent on the ultrasound frequency

Correct

Incorrect

Question 28 of 48

28. Question

Test
. The temporal resolution is:

The ability to accurately locate the position of moving
structures at particular instants in time
Better when the frame rate is increased
Better when the number of scan lines per frame is reduced
Very high when M-mode is used
All of the above

Correct

Incorrect

Question 29 of 48

29. Question

Question 1. All of the following are true except for:

Wavelength and frequency are inversely related
Wavelength is the time from the onset of one cycle to the next
Frequency is the number of cycles per second
Wavelength is the distance between two cycles
Amplitude is the extension of cycles

Correct

Incorrect

Question 30 of 48

30. Question

Question 2

. The propagation velocity in soft tissue is:

Dependent on temperature
Dependent on the angle between US beam and tissue
1540 m/s
Not determined by the medium
Dependent on the ultrasound frequency

Correct

Incorrect

Question 31 of 48

31. Question

Question 3

. The near field:

Can be extended by increasing the wavelength
Can be extended by increasing the transducer diameter
Is also called the Fraunhofer zone
Can be extended by increasing the transducer frequency
Is not determined by frequency, transducer
diameter or wavelength

Correct

Incorrect

Question 32 of 48

32. Question

In Colour Flow Doppler, to preserve temporal resolution, one should:

Minimize color sector and the penetration depth
Decrease the frame rate
Increase the scan line density
Use a large packet size
Increase the penetration depth

Correct

Incorrect

Question 33 of 48

33. Question

Question 5

C.
D.

E. ?

F.
. The temporal resolution is:

The ability to accurately locate the position of
moving structures at particular instants in time
Better when the frame rate is increased
Better when the number of scan lines per frame is reduced
Very high when M-mode is used
All of the above

Correct

Incorrect

Question 34 of 48

34. Question

Question 6

A.
B.
C.
D.
E. ?

F.
. Which of the following assertions are true?

Reduced sector width allows for higher frame rate
Gain regulates the overall brightness of the display
Focus improves image quality and measurement
in the focal area
Time gain controls regulate the gain in a
given distance from the transducer
All of the above

Correct

Incorrect

Question 35 of 48

35. Question

Question 7

B.
C. ?

F.
. Positive Doppler shift indicate, that:

The transmitted frequency is greater than
the received frequency
The transmitted frequency is equal to
the received frequency
The red blood cells are moving towards transducer
The red blood cells are moving away from transducer
The red blood cells are not moving

Correct

Incorrect

Question 36 of 48

36. Question

Test

BC. ?
D. ?

E. ?

F.
. TEE is contraindicated in:

Infective endocarditis
Severe mitral regurgitation
Esophageal tumor
Esophageal perforation
Esophageal diverticulum

Correct

Incorrect

Question 37 of 48

37. Question

Complications of the TEE examination. Which of the following are complications of the TEE examination? Select all that apply.

Esophagus perforation
Esophageal achalasia
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Arrhythmias, hypertension
Hiatus hernia
Tracheal intubation

Correct

Incorrect

Question 38 of 48

38. Question

Test

. About the mid esophageal views:

The ME 4 CH view is obtained by placing the TEE probe
in the mid esophagus
The ME 2 CH view is orientated in an orthogonal plan to
the ME 4CH view
To visualize the true left ventricle apex in ME 4 CH view,
a retroflexion of the tip of TEE probe is necessary
In the ME 2 CH view, the anterior LV wall is placed
to the right of the image
The ME Mitral Commissural view offers a image
through both commissures of the mitral valve

Correct

Incorrect

Question 39 of 48

39. Question

Test

. The ME AV SAX view:

Is obtained at the mid esophageal level
Is useful in assessment of the aortic valve
morphology
Can be used to measure flow velocities
across the aortic valve
Shows all three cusps of the aortic valve in a
symmetric arrangement
Displays the left atrium at the bottom of the image

Correct

Incorrect

Question 40 of 48

40. Question

Test. The appended intraoperative TEE loop on the left:

Displays a ME AV LAX view
That view is obtained at the upper esophageal level
The ME AV LAX view is used the in assessment
of the aortic valve morphology
The ME AV LAX view is useful in the assessment
of the aortic valve with CFD
The ME AV LAX is used to measure LVOT diameter

Correct

Incorrect

Question 41 of 48

41. Question

Test. In the TG 2-CH View, the anterior wall of left ventricle is displayed:

At the bottom of the screen
On the top of the screen
To the right of the image
To the left of the image
The left ventriclular anterior wall
can not be seen in this view

Correct

Incorrect

Question 42 of 48

42. Question

What is true about this TEE frame? Select all that apply.

It is an ME ascending aorta SAX view
It is an ME descending aorta SAX view
It is obtained by rotation of the multiplane angle to 90 degrees
It is obtained from ME 4 CH by turning the entire probe with the crystal window facing dorsal to the patient
It displays the descending aorta in short axis
It displays the ascending aorta in short axis

Correct

Incorrect

Question 43 of 48

43. Question

Test. About the TEE frame on the left:

It shows a ME Descending aorta LAX
It shows a ME Descending aorta SAX
It shows an Upper esophageal Aortic arch LAX
The letter A indicates the distal part
The letter B indicates the proximal part

Correct

Incorrect

Question 44 of 48

44. Question

Question 1

You will undertake it immediately
There is a high risk of perforation of the esophagus
The TEE is not necessary, because a preoperative
TEE has been made and the patient’s condition is stable
You will ask a colleague to perform the TEE examination
You will perform it after the operation, because the risk of
esophagus perforation is lower

Correct

Incorrect

Question 45 of 48

45. Question

Question 2

. In the ME AV LAX view, left atrium is displayed:

On the top of the screen
At the bottom of the screen
In the middle of the screen
LA is not visualized in this view
At the basis of the screen and to left

Correct

Incorrect

Question 46 of 48

46. Question

Question 3

. About the views of the aortic valve (AV):

The TEE frame on the left shows a ME AV SAX view
ME AV LAX view is used to evaluate aortic valve
morphology and function
ME AV LAX is used to assess aortic valve regurgitation
ME AV LAX is used to measure the left ventricle
outflow tract diameter
The loop shows a ME AV LAX view

Correct

Incorrect

Question 47 of 48

47. Question

Question 4

. In the attached TEE film:

Left coronary cusp of the AV is displayed on the right
Right coronary cusp of the AV is displayed on the right
RV is displayed at the bottom.
The noncoronary cusp of the AV is on the left,
in relation to the atrial septum
LA is on the top of the screen

Correct

Incorrect

Question 48 of 48

48. Question

Question 5

. The attached TOE view on the left shows a:

ME ascending aortic SAX
ME descending aortic SAX
UE aortic arch SAX
ME ascending aortic LAX
UE aortic arch LAX

Correct

Incorrect

FM-quiz TEEbas

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1. Question

Test

2. Question

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3. Question

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4. Question

Structures in the ME AV SAX view

5. Question

Test

6. Question

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7. Question

Test

8. Question

Nomenclature of the MV

9. Question

The ME RV inflow-outflow view

10. Question

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11. Question

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48. Question