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Equipment and skills summary

Match the phrase at the top with the correct option below to form true statements by dragging the answer into the answer box.

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is abbreviated OM
a 1.5 – 4 MHz multifrequency phased array transducer is recommended
is on the right side of the screen
is on the left side of the screen
adjusts gain at different depths of the ultrasound image
permit deep penetration in patients

The orientation marker on the transducer
For cardiac ultrasound
In cardiac ultrasound the orientation indicator (OI)

In abdominal ultrasound, e.g. the FAST exam, the orientation indicator (OI)

Time gain compensation (TGC)
Curved array (abdominal) probes

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Question 48 of 95

48. Question
Key points regarding the subcostal 4 chamber view. Which statements regarding evaluating the heart by the subcostal 4 chamber view are true? Select all that apply.
- all 4 chambers can be evaluated to a certain degree
- the view is optimised by forced expiration
- is a good view for evaluation of pericardial effusion and big pulmonary emboli
- in a correctly obtained image the apex of the heart appears on the left side of the screen
- the heart is imaged through the liver
Correct

Incorrect
Question 49 of 95

49. Question
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) 2. Which of these statements concerning tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) are correct?
- TAPSE expresses the mitral-annular-plane excursion during diastole
- TAPSE is generally not converted to ejection fraction of the right ventricle – ejection fraction normally applies to the left ventricle
- TAPSE can be calculated from anatomical structures present in the white box
- TAPSE can be calculated from anatomical structures present in the yellow box
- TAPSE can be calculated from anatomical structures present in the blue box
Correct

Incorrect
Question 50 of 95

50. Question
Pathology 6B. The video clip shows one AP4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Severely reduced right ventricular function
- Calcification of the anterior mitral leaflet
- Tamponade
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
Correct

Incorrect
Question 51 of 95

51. Question
Pathology 14B. The video clip shows one PLAX view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Dilated left ventricle
- Pericardial effusion
- Mitral valve vegetation
- Left ventricular hypertrophy and
  dilated left atrium
Correct

Incorrect
Question 52 of 95

52. Question
Pathology 22B. The video clip shows one 4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Both RV and LV enlargement
- Significant enlargement of both RV and RA
- Both RA and LA enlargement
- All of the above are incorrect as this is a normal heart
Correct

Incorrect
Question 53 of 95

53. Question
Match the phrases on the left side with the phrases on the right side to form true statements. Click “Submit” when finished.https://test.usabcd.org/wp-content/uploads/FM_media/FATEbas/FATEbas_Q_M3_P3?
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- left atrium
- right atrium
- left ventricle
- right ventricle
- aorta
- interventricular septum
- LA is the abbreviation for
- RA is the abbreviation for
- LV is the abbreviation for
- RV is the abbreviation for
- AO is the abbreviation for
- IVS is the abbreviation for
Correct

Incorrect
Question 54 of 95

54. Question
Right place for measuring the diameter of IVC. Where should the IVC diameter be measured?
- At 1
- At 2
- At 3
- At 4
- 2 and 3 are equally good
Correct

Incorrect
Question 55 of 95

55. Question
MSS, MAPSE and TAPSE

Which of these statements concerning ventricular function are correct? Select all that apply.
- Mitral-septal separation (MSS) is normally the same size as the left atrium
- Mitral-septal separation (MSS) is the distance from the anterior mitral leaflet to the posterior wall
- TAPSE generally has a higher size than MAPSE which in general has a bigger size than MSS
- If MAPSE decreases TAPSE will also decrease
- In left ventricular hypertrophy MAPSE is often decreased
- MAPSE and TAPSE are most accurate when using M-mode compared to 2D eyeballing
Correct

Incorrect
Question 56 of 95

56. Question
Pathology 7A. The video clips show four S4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”) ?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 57 of 95

57. Question
Pathology 15A. The video clips show four A4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 58 of 95

58. Question
Pathology 23A. The video clip shows four pleural views. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 59 of 95

59. Question
Match the phrases on the left side with the phrases on the right side to form true statements. Click “Submit” when finished.https://test.usabcd.org/wp-content/uploads/FM_media/FATEbas/FATEbas_Q_M3_P19?
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- the subcostal 4-chamber view, and is obtained from position 1 on the FATE card
- the apical 4-chamber view, and is obtained from position 2 on the FATE card
- the parasternal long-axis view, and is obtained from position 3 on the FATE card
- the parasternal short-axis view, and is obtained from position 3 on the FATE card
- obtained from position 4 on the FATE card
- S4CH view is
- A4CH view is
- PLAX view is
- PSAX view is
- Pleura view is
Correct

Incorrect
Question 60 of 95

60. Question
IVC statements 1

Which of the following statements about the IVC long axis view are correct?
- The subcostal IVC view is obtained by placing the transducer in the subcostal position, slightly to the right of the midline
- The orientation marker on the transducer can advantageously be directed to the left
- The orientation marker on the transducer should be directed cranially
- The abdominal aorta is an important landmark in the correct IVC image
- Pulsating pattern synchronously with ECG should lead to re-evaluation of the vessel as this is most likely the aorta
- In the correct IVC view, tilting the probe and directing the imaging plane to the patient’s left will display the abdominal aorta
Correct

Incorrect
Question 61 of 95

61. Question
Define SYSTOLE for MAPSE analysis in M-mode. Complete the sentence: On the M-mode recording identify the SYSTOLE for mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) analysis
- A represents the systole for MAPSE analysis
- B represents the systole for MAPSE analysis
- C represents the systole for MAPSE analysis
- D represents the systole for MAPSE analysis
- Both A and C represent the systole for MAPSE analysis
- Both A and B represent the systole for MAPSE analysis
Correct

Incorrect
Question 62 of 95

62. Question
Pathology 7B. The video clip shows one S4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Dilated left ventricle
- Pericardial effusion
- Mitral valve vegetation
- Tricuspid vegetation
Correct

Incorrect
Question 63 of 95

63. Question
Pathology 15B. The video clip shows one A4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Poor left ventricular function
- Pericardial effusion
- Mitral valve vegetation
- Tricuspid vegetation
Correct

Incorrect
Question 64 of 95

64. Question
Pathology 23B. The video clip shows one pleural view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Multiple B lines, most likely pulmonary oedema
- Normal lung sliding
- Unusual whitening of the diaphragm, most likely pneumothorax
- Grainy pleural effusion, most likely haemothorax
Correct

Incorrect
Question 65 of 95

65. Question
Pathology 24A. The video clip shows four pleural views. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 66 of 95

66. Question
IVC statements 2. Which of the following statements about the IVC are correct?
- It is well known that the diameter of the IVC may not change with respiration in long distance runners
- In the subcostal short axis view the aorta is to the right of the screen and the IVC to the left
- IVC can advantageously be displayed through the spleen
- IVC can often be displayed through the liver from position 4
- 50% variation of IVC during spontaneous inspiration is normal
Correct

Incorrect
Question 67 of 95

67. Question
Define DIASTOLE for MAPSE analysis in M-mode recording

On the M-mode recording identify the DIASTOLE for mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) analysis.
- A represents the DIASTOLE for MAPSE analysis
- B represents the DIASTOLE for MAPSE analysis
- C represents the DIASTOLE for MAPSE analysis
- D represents the DIASTOLE for MAPSE analysis
- Both A and C represent the diastole for MAPSE analysis
- Both A and D represent the diastole for MAPSE analysis
Correct

Incorrect
Question 68 of 95

68. Question
Pathology 8A. The video clips show four PLAX views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 69 of 95

69. Question
Pathology 16A. The video clips show four PSAX views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 70 of 95

70. Question
Pathology 24B. The video clip shows one pleural view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Multiple B lines, most likely pulmonary oedema
- Classical signs of pneumothorax
- Small amount of pleural effusion and significant pulmonary atelektasis
- Normal lung sliding with air filled lungs
Correct

Incorrect
Question 71 of 95

71. Question
2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the
- Shows Apex
  
  Shows Liver
  
  Shows RA = Right atrium
  
  Shows LV = Left ventricle
  
  Shows RV = Right ventricle
  
  Shows LA = Left atrium
Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points
Question 72 of 95

72. Question
Key points regarding the apical 4 chamber view

Which of the following statements about the apical 4 chamber view are correct?
- The best position of the patient is in the sitting position with full inspiration
- The abbreviation of this view is “S4CH”
- The descending thoracic aorta is seen postero-lateral to the left atrium
- In a correctly obtained image the right ventricle appears on the right side of the screen
- The mitral valve cannot be evaluated in this view
- The tricuspid valve can be evaluated
Correct

Incorrect
Question 73 of 95

73. Question
Pathology 1A. The video clips show four PSAX views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 74 of 95

74. Question
Pathology 8B. The video clip shows one PLAX view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Enlarged RV
- Dilated LA and dilated and poor functioning LV
- LV hypertrophy
- Pericardial effusion in the near field
Correct

Incorrect
Question 75 of 95

75. Question
Pathology 16B. The video clip shows one PSAX view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Severely dilated right ventricle
- Pericardial effusion
- Normal LA and RA
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
Correct

Incorrect
Question 76 of 95

76. Question
Pathology 25A. The video clip shows four PLAX views. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 77 of 95

77. Question
TEST 2: 2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the
- Shows Posterior mitral leaflet
  
  Shows Lateral wall
  
  Shows Base of the heart
  
  Shows Anterior mitral leaflet
  
  Shows IVS: Inter-ventricular septum
  
  Shows IAS: Inter-atrial septum
Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points
Question 78 of 95

78. Question
Key points of the PLAX view

What is true about evaluating the heart by the parasternal long axis (PLAX) view? Select all that apply.
- All 4 chambers can be evaluated to a certain degree
- The view is generally improved by deep inspiration
- The aorta is on the right side of the screen
- The apex is generally not visible
- The orientation marker (OM) on the transducer should be directed towards the patient’s right shoulder
Correct

Incorrect
Question 79 of 95

79. Question
Pathology 1B. The video clip shows one PSAX view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Dilated right ventricle
- Pericardial effusion
- Poor left ventricular function
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
Correct

Incorrect
Question 80 of 95

80. Question
Pathology 9A. The video clip shows four SC4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 81 of 95

81. Question
Pathology 17A. The video clip shows four A4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 82 of 95

82. Question
Pathology 25B. The video clip shows one PLAX view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- This is a normal LV
- This shows severe aortic valve sclerosis
- The RV is enlarged
- Pericardial effusion behind the heart is the most prominent feature
Correct

Incorrect
Question 83 of 95

83. Question
2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures – PLAX

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click ‘Next’/’Check’.
- shows posterior wall (Inferolateral)
  
  shows right ventricle
  
  shows left atrium
  
  shows pericardium
  
  shows anterior mitral leaflet
  
  shows descending aorta
Correct

Incorrect
Question 84 of 95

84. Question
Image presentation. Two conventions exist for the orientation indicator on the screen. Which statements are correct for cardiac ultrasound? Select all that apply.
- The orientation indicator is on the left side of the screen
- The lungs are displayed on the right side of the screen, and the solid organs on the left side of the screen
- The orientation indicator is on the right side of the screen
- The lungs are displayed on the left side of the screen, and the solid organs on the right side of the screen
- On the displayed image presentation (A) is correct
- On the displayed image presentation (B) is correct
Correct

Incorrect
Question 85 of 95

85. Question
Pathology 2A. The video clips show four S4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 86 of 95

86. Question
Pathology 9B. The video clip shows one subcostal 4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- LA dilatation
- Mirror image
- LV hypertrophy
- RV dilatation
Correct

Incorrect
Question 87 of 95

87. Question
Pathology 17B. The video clip shows one A4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Dilated left ventricle
- Pericardial effusion
- Mitral valve vegetation
- Tricuspid valve vegetation
Correct

Incorrect
Question 88 of 95

88. Question
TEST 1: 2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the
- Shows Apex
  
  Shows RA = Right atrium
  
  Shows RV = Right ventricle
  
  Shows LA = Left atrium
  
  Shows Descending thoracic aorta
  
  Shows LV = Left ventricle
Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points
Question 89 of 95

89. Question
2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures – PLAX

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click
- shows left ventricle
  
  shows ascending aorta
  
  shows descending thoracic aorta
  
  shows inter-ventricular septum
  
  shows anterior mitral leaflet
  
  shows posterior mitral leaflet
Correct

Incorrect
Question 90 of 95

90. Question
Ventricular function. Which of these statements concerning ventricular function are correct? Select all that apply.
- Systolic and diastolic function are equivalent terms
- Systolic ventricular function expresses primarily the filling of the ventricles
- The pattern of endocardial movement during systole expresses the ventricular systolic function
- The pattern of myocardial thickening during systole expresses ventricular systolic function
- Left ventricular hypertrophy is a characteristic of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
- Enlarged left atrium can be a characteristic of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Correct

Incorrect
Question 91 of 95

91. Question
Pathology 2B. The video clip shows one SC4CH view. Which one of the statements below is correct (only one “True”)?
- Pericardial effusion in the far field
- LV hypertrophy
- Enlarged RV
- Enlarged RA
Correct

Incorrect
Question 92 of 95

92. Question
Pathology 10A. The video clip shows four AP4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 93 of 95

93. Question
Pathology 18A. The video clips show four S4CH views. Which one represents significant pathology (only one “True”)?
- A presents significant pathology
- B presents significant pathology
- C presents significant pathology
- D presents significant pathology
Correct

Incorrect
Question 94 of 95

94. Question
2D sonoanatomy of IVC and surrounding structures

Test yourself: Insert missing letters. In the image each letter labels a structure. Please compare the image with the statements. Insert the correct letter missing in each statement and click the
- Shows Right atrium
  
  Shows IVC – Right atrial junction
  
  Shows Inferior vena cava (IVC)
  
  Shows Deep part of the liver
  
  Shows Lung tissue
  
  Shows Superficial part of the liver
Correct 5 / 5 Points

Incorrect / 5 Points
Question 95 of 95

95. Question
2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures – PSAX

In the image each letter labels a structure. Insert the correct letters for each statement and click
- shows right ventricle
  
  shows pericardium
  
  shows posterior wall (Inferolateral)
  
  shows left ventricle
  
  shows lateral wall (Anterolateral)
  
  shows papillary muscle
Correct

Incorrect

Quiz Summary

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1. Question

2. Question

Pathology 3A

3. Question

4. Question

5. Question

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6. Question

2D sonoanatomy of the cardiac structures – PSAX

7. Question

8. Question

9. Question

10. Question

11. Question

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12. Question

Sonoanatomy of the right pleura

13. Question

14. Question

15. Question

16. Question

17. Question

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18. Question

M-mode in the PLAX view

19. Question

20. Question

21. Question

22. Question

23. Question

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24. Question

Image optimisation A

25. Question

26. Question

27. Question

28. Question

29. Question

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30. Question

31. Question

32. Question

33. Question

34. Question

35. Question

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36. Question

37. Question

Ventricular function – semi-quantitative methods 3

38. Question

39. Question

40. Question

41. Question

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42. Question

FATE views

43. Question

44. Question

45. Question

46. Question

47. Question

Equipment and skills summary

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48. Question

49. Question

50. Question

51. Question

52. Question

53. Question

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54. Question

55. Question

MSS, MAPSE and TAPSE

56. Question

57. Question